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World● Low59m ago · Nov 10, 2026, 5:05 AM

'Junk history' and Swedish neutrality

GlobeAlert Desk · curated from Responsible Statecraft · global

The historian Stephen Kotkin of Stanford’s Hoover Institution has penned an important new essay on the phenomenon of “junk history”: reductionist or plainly wrong interpretations of historical events that have little or no basis in empirical reality but are nevertheless “marshaled in policy debates as justification for action, up to launching wars.” The emblematic example, which has recently been used by advocates for the war with Iran, is the failure of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain to truly ensure “peace in our time” at Munich in 1938. As Kotkin once put it, “It turns out not ev

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